This will further determine the operational and maintenance requirements for the ship and thus the knowledge required and the duties to be performed by the marine engineer. Ships are large, complex vehicles that must be self-sustaining in their environment for long periods with a high degree of reliability. A ship is the product of two main areas of skill, those of the naval architect and the marine engineer.
The naval architect is concerned with the hull, its construction, form, habitability, and ability to endure its environment. The marine engineer is responsible for the various systems which propel and operate the ship. More specifically, this means the machinery required for propulsion, steering, anchoring, ship securing, cargo handling, air conditioning, power generation, and distribution.
Some overlap in responsibilities occurs between naval architects and marine engineers in areas such as propeller design, the reduction of noise and vibration in the ship's structure, and engineering services provided to considerable areas of the ship. A ship might reasonably be divided into three distinct areas: the cargo-carrying holds or tanks, the accommodation, and the machinery space.
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Depending upon the type each ship will assume varying proportions and functions. An oil tanker, for instance, will have the cargo-carrying region divided into tanks by two longitudinal bulkheads and several transverse bulkheads. There will be considerable quantities of cargo piping both above and below decks.
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